Mā te whakamakuku whakaora wai mai i te pūngao hiko pūngao-rā ka honoa katoatia te umanga pūngao hiko me te tiaki wai ahuwhenua. E matapaetia ana ka whakatuwherahia he wā hou mō te ahuwhenua pūngao hiko pūngao hiko.
 
Ko te kaupapa matua o te pūnaha papu wai pūngao rā ko te whakamahi i te pānga photovoltaic o ngā pūtau pūngao rā hei whakaputa hiko, hei taraiwa hoki i te motuka hei taraiwa i te papu hei hiki i te wai. Mō ngā wāhi he uaua ake te hiko, ko te mārama pūngao rā te mea pai hei taraiwa i te papu. He whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o ngā papu wai pūngao rā. Ka taea te whakamahi mō te whakamakuku ahuwhenua, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi mō te oranga whaiaro o te wai o te whare, te whakatipu otaota koraha me te whakatipu kararehe i te tarutaru.
 
I tēnei wā, e rua ngā hangarau matua o ngā papu hiko photovoltaic AC me DC i Haina, me ngā pūnaha hoki mō te tono me te whakatairanga o te ao.
Ko te taputapu matua o te pūnaha papu wai photovoltaic ko te kaiwhakahaere o te pūnaha. Ka taea e ia te karo i te huringa o te tere rere o te papu nā te huringa o te kaha o te rā, ā, ka taea hoki te whakapūmau i te pumau o te rere o te wai. I te wa ano, ka tiakina te papu wai. Ka penapenahia e te pūnaha ngā taputapu rokiroki hiko pēnei i ngā pākahiko, ā, ka akiaki tika i te papu wai ki te hiki i te wai. Ka tino whakaitihia ngā utu o mua i te hanganga me muri i te tiaki o te pūnaha. Nā te mea he nui ake te utu o te pākahiko, ā, he ngāwari ki te pakaru.
 
Mā te pūmana papu wai photovoltaic e whakahaere, e whakarite hoki te mahi a te pūnaha kia eke ki te taumata teitei o te aroturuki hiko. Me whakarite kia tika te mahi a te pūnaha ina nui te rā. Ina kore e nui te rā, ka whakatakotoria te auau mahi iti rawa kia tutuki. Me whakarite kia whakamahia katoatia te mana pākahiko o te rā.
 
Ka pupuhihia te wai e ngā papu wai mai i ngā puna hohonu, ngā awa me ngā roto me ētahi atu puna wai, ka werohia ki roto i ngā tāke/pū wai. Ka hono tika rānei ki ngā pūnaha pēnei i te whakamakuku wai, i ngā puna wai rānei.
Ka whakamahia e te pūnaha papu wai photovoltaic te pūngao roa mai i te rā, kāore e hiahiatia he tirotiro a te kaimahi, he pūngao pūmua, me ngā whatunga hiko whakauru, ā, he motuhake, he haumaru, he pono hoki. Ka taea te whakamahi me ngā whakaurunga whakamakuku pēnei i te whakamakuku maturuturu, te whakamakuku pītiti me te whakamakuku urunga. Ka whakaoti pai i te raruraru o te whakamakuku whenua ahuwhenua, ka whakanui ake i te whakaputanga, ka penapena wai me te pūngao. Ka whakaiti nui i te utu whakauru o te pūngao tuku iho me te hiko. Nō reira, kua waiho hei huarahi tino whai hua ki te whakamahi i te pūngao ma hei whakakapi i te pūngao pūmua. Kua waiho hei hua tono pūngao hou me te hangarau hou mō ngā otinga whānui ki te "raruraru kai" me te "raruraru pūngao" o te ao. Ina koa i runga i te rautaki whanaketanga pāpori a te whenua mo te "penapena rauemi" me te "hoa taiao".